IMGT Repertoire (IG and TR)

✤ : NCBI accession number that correspond to a previously internal IMGT accession number. See the correspondence table.

IMGT notes: ↑

1. This gene lacks the appropriate 3'D-RS, but can rearrange and therefore is funtional
2. Defective 5'D-RS
3. noncanonical 3'D-NONAMER: ctcaaatcc instead of accaaaact
4. no canonical Recombination Signals
5. noncanonical 3'D-HEPTAMER: caacatg instead of cacagtg
6. noncanonical 3'D-NONAMER: ctcaaatcc instead of acaaaaacc, noncanonical 5'D-NONAMER: ggattctat instead of ggattttga
7. noncanonical 3'D-NONAMER: ctcaaatcc instead of acaaaaacc
8. noncanonical 3'D-NONAMER: ctcaaattc instead of acaaaaatc
9. noncanonical 3'D-NONAMER: ctcaaattc instead of accaaaact
10. noncanonical 3'D-NONAMER: ctcaaattc instead of acaaaaact
11. noncanonical 3'D-NONAMER: ctcaaattc instead of acaaaaacc, noncanonical 3'D-HEPTAMER: cacattg instead of cacagtg, noncanonical 5'D-HEPTAMER: caccgtt instead of tactgtg, noncanonical 5'D-NONAMER: ggattctgt instead of gatttttgt
12. noncanonical 5'D-NONAMER: ggattctgt instead of ggattttga, noncanonical 3'D-NONAMER: ctcaaattc instead of acaaaaatc
13. noncanonical 5'D-NONAMER: tctctataa instead of gatttttgt, noncanonical 5'D-NONAMER: gaaccaaaa instead of acaaaaacc, noncanonical 5'D-HEPTAMER: tggcttc instead of tactgtg, noncanonical 3'D-HEPTAMER: caacatt instead of cacagtg
14. DH-JH joint, only the D-REGION and 5'UTR are present.
15. Circular clones.
16. No accession number.
17. Except for the 5' nucleotide, this D was identified in rearranged sequences in [14] and refered in later publications as DSP2.11. Howewer the rearranged DSP2.11 clone sequence has three nucleotides and five nucleotides different in 5' and 3', respectively. These differences probably correspond to N-Diversity.
18. D-GENE is partial: no 3'D-RS, no D-REGION.
19. D13199 (BALB/c) [10] contains part of the 5'UTR of IGHD6-2 (2,5)

IMGT references: ↑

1. Banerji J. et al., A lymphocyte-specific cellular enhancer is located downstream of the joining region in immunoglobulin heavy chain genes, Cell, vol. 33, no. 3, 1983, pp. 729-740. DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90015-6
2. Davis M.M. et al., DNA sequences mediating class switching in alpha-immunoglobulins, Science, vol. 209, no. 4463, 1980, pp. 1360-1365. DOI: 10.1126/science.6774415
3. Dirkes G. et al., Sequence and structure of the mouse IgH DQ52 5' region, Immunogenetics, vol. 40, no. 5, 1994, pp. 379-379. DOI: 10.1007/BF01246680
4. Early P. et al., An immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene is generated from three segments of DNA: VH, D and JH, Cell, vol. 19, no. 4, 1980, pp. 981-992. DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90089-6
5. Gerondakis S. et al., Immunoglobulin JH rearrangement in a T-cell line reflects fusion to the DH locus at a sequence lacking the nonamer recognition signal, Immunogenetics, vol. 28, no. 4, 1988, pp. 255-259. DOI: 10.1007/BF00345502
6. Gilliam A.C. et al., Illegitimate recombination generates a class switch from C mu to C delta in an IgD-secreting plasmacytoma, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol. 81, no. 13, 1984, pp. 4164-4168. PUBMED: 6429663
7. Gillies S.D. et al., A tissue-specific transcription enhancer element is located in the major intron of a rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain gene, Cell, vol. 33, no. 3, 1983, pp. 717-728. DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90014-4
8. Gough N.M. et al., Sequences of the joining region genes for immunoglobulin heavy chains and their role in generation of antibody diversity, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol. 78, no. 1, 1981, pp. 509-513. PUBMED: 6787590
9. Gu H. et al., B cell development regulated by gene rearrangement: arrest of maturation by membrane-bound D mu protein and selection of DH element reading frames, Cell, vol. 65, no. 1, 1991, pp. 47-54. DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90406-O
10. Ichihara Y. et al., Only DFL16, DSP2, and DQ52 gene families exist in mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain diversity gene loci, of which DFL16 and DSP2 originate from the same primordial DH gene, Eur. J. Immunol, vol. 19, no. 10, 1989, pp. 1849-1854. PUBMED: 2583225
11. Kallen R. et al., Unpublished.
12. Kim S.K. et al., Antibody diversity: somatic hypermutation of rearranged VH genes, Cell, vol. 27, no. 3 Pt 2, 1981, pp. 573-581. DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90399-8
13. Kompfner E. et al., Unusual germline DSP2 gene accounts for all apparent V-D-D-J rearrangements in newborn, but not adult, MRL mice, J. Immunol, vol. 167, no. 12, 2001, pp. 6933-6938. PUBMED: 11739512
14. Kurosawa Y. et al., Identification of D segments of immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes and their rearrangement in T lymphocytes, Nature, vol. 290, no. 5807, 1981, pp. 565-570. DOI: 10.1038/290565a0
15. Kurosawa Y. et al., Organization, structure, and assembly of immunoglobulin heavy chain diversity DNA segments, J. Exp. Med, vol. 155, no. 1, 1982, pp. 201-218. DOI: 10.1084/jem.155.1.201
16. Landolfi N.F. et al., Germ-line sequence of the DH segment employed in Ars-A antibodies: implications for the generation of junctional diversity, J. Immunol, vol. 137, no. 1, 1986, pp. 362-365. PUBMED: 3011910
17. Lawler, A M et al. “Adult B-cell repertoire is biased toward two heavy-chain variable-region genes that rearrange frequently in fetal pre-B cells.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America vol. 84,8 (1987): 2454-8. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.8.2454
18. Lawler A.M. et al., Adult B-cell repertoire is biased toward two heavy-chain variable-region genes that rearrange frequently in fetal pre-B cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol. 84, no. 8, 1987, pp. 2454-2458. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.8.2454
19. Lennon G.G. et al., Identification of a defective mouse immunoglobulin D (diversity) element which can undergo DJH, but not VHD, recombination, Immunogenetics, vol. 30, no. 5, 1989, pp. 383-386. DOI: 10.1007/BF02425279
20. Lennon G.G. et al., Identification of a defective mouse immunoglobulin D (diversity) element which can undergo DJH, but not VHD recombination, Immunogenetics, vol. 30, 1992, pp. 383-386.
21. Manso,T. et al., IMGT(R) databases, related tools and web resources through three main axes of research and development, Nucleic Acids Res, vol. 50, no. D1, 2022, pp. D1262-D1272. PUBMED: 34875068
22. Newell N. et al., J genes for heavy chain immunoglobulins of mouse, Science, vol. 209, no. 4461, 1980, pp. 1128-1132. PUBMED: 6250219
23. Nikaido T. et al., Switch region of immunoglobulin Cmu gene is composed of simple tandem repetitive sequences, Nature, vol. 292, no. 5826, 1981, pp. 845-848. DOI: 10.1038/292845a0
24. Nishi K. et al., Molecular and immunochemical studies on monoclonal antibodies specific to environmental chemicals, 2003.
25. Obata M. et al., Structure of a rearranged gamma 1 chain gene and its implication to immunoglobulin class-switch mechanism, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol. 78, no. 4, 1981, pp. 2437-2441. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.4.2437
26. Retter I. et al., Sequence and characterization of the Ig heavy chain constant and partial variable region of the mouse strain 129S1, J. Immunol, vol. 179, no. 4, 2007, pp. 2419-2427. PUBMED: 17675503
27. Sakano H. et al., Identification and nucleotide sequence of a diversity DNA segment (D) of immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes, Nature, vol. 290, no. 5807, 1981, pp. 562-565. DOI: 10.1038/290562a0
28. Sakano H. et al., Two types of somatic recombination are necessary for the generation of complete immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes, Nature, vol. 286, no. 5774, 1980, pp. 676-683. DOI: 10.1038/286676a0
29. Schmid-Siegert E. et al., Reference mouse strain assemblies for BALB/c Nude and NOD/SCID mouse models, Unpublished.
30. Shimizu T. et al., Biased reading frames of pre-existing DH--JH coding joints and preferential nucleotide insertions at VH--DJH signal joints of excision products of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements, EMBO J, vol. 11, no. 13, 1992, pp. 4869-4875. PUBMED: 1464314
31. Smith D.R. et al., Genome Therapeutics Corporation Sequencing Center: Mouse Genome Sequence Data, Unpublished.
32. Takahashi N. et al., Nucleotide sequences of class-switch recombination region of the mouse immunoglobulin gamma 2b-chain gene, Gene, vol. 11, no. 1-2, 1980, pp. 117-127. DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(80)90092-X